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继电器

2014/8/20 8:03:35点击:

继电器(英文名称:relay)是一种电控制器件,是当输入量(激励量)的变化达到规定要求时,在电气输出电路中使被控量发生预定的阶跃变化的一种电器。它具有控制系统(又称输入回路)和被控制系统(又称输出回路)之间的互动关系。通常应用于自动化的控制电路中,它实际上是用小电流去控制大电流运作的一种“自动开关”。故在电路中起着自动调节、安全保护、转换电路等作用。

主要作用
继电器是具有隔离功能的自动开关元件,广泛应用于遥控、遥测、通讯、自动控制、机电一体化及电力电子设备中,是最重要的控制元件之一。
继电器一般都有能反映一定输入变量(如电流、电压、功率、阻抗、频率、温度、压力、速度、光等)的感应机构(输入部分);有能对被控电路实现“通”、“断”控制的执行机构(输出部分);在继电器的输入部分和输出部分之间,还有对输入量进行耦合隔离,功能处理和对输出部分进行驱动的中间机构(驱动部分)。
作为控制元件,概括起来,继电器有如下几种作用:
1)扩大控制范围:例如,多触点继电器控制信号达到某一定值时,可以按触点组的不同形式,同时换接、开断、接通多路电路。
2)放大:例如,灵敏型继电器、中间继电器等,用一个很微小的控制量,可以控制很大功率的电路。
3)综合信号:例如,当多个控制信号按规定的形式输入多绕组继电器时,经过比较综合,达到预定的控制效果。
4)自动、遥控、监测:例如,自动装置上的继电器与其他电器一起,可以组成程序控制线路,从而实现自动化运行。